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1 state under the protectorate
Дипломатический термин: государство, находящееся под протекторатомУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > state under the protectorate
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2 state under the protectorate
государство, находящееся под протекторатомАнгло-русский дипломатический словарь > state under the protectorate
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3 state under the protectorate
государство, находящееся под протекторатомEnglish-russian dctionary of diplomacy > state under the protectorate
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4 protectorate
protectorate [prə'tektərət]1 nounprotectorat m∎ the Protectorate le Protectoratⓘ THE PROTECTORATE Il s'agit de la période allant de 1653 à 1658, succédant à la guerre civile, pendant laquelle Oliver Cromwell, se proclamant "Lord Protector", exerça son autorité sur l'Angleterre. Son fils Richard lui succéda jusqu'en 1659. En dépit de l'existence du Parlement, le gouvernement de Cromwell était quasiment dictatorial et s'appuyait avant tout sur l'armée. Le Protectorat, qui vit l'essor du puritanisme dans la société anglaise, prit fin en 1659 lorsqu'un nouveau Parlement rétablit la monarchie.Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > protectorate
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5 protectorate
subst. \/prəˈtekt(ə)rət\/1) protektorat2) beskyttelse, vern -
6 protectorate
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protectorate[English Plural] protectorates[Swahili Word] nchi lindwa[Swahili Plural] nchi lindwa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Related Words] -lindwa[English Definition] a country or territory that has parts of its sovereignty controlled by a larger or more powerful country[Swahili Definition] dola lililokabidhi sehemu za mamlaka yake mkononi mwa nchi kubwa na yenye nguvu[English Example] Puerto Rico was a protectorate of the US[Swahili Example] Pwetoriko ilikuwa nchi lindwa ya Marekani------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] protectorate[English Plural] protectorates[Swahili Word] mahamia[Swahili Plural] mahamia[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 6/6[Derived Language] Arabic[Derived Word] -hami[Related Words] -hami------------------------------------------------------------ -
7 protectorate
مَحْمِيَّة \ protectorate: a country that is under the protection of a more powerful one (by arrangement; not by conquest or settlement). -
8 Fifth Monarchy Men (An extreme Puritan sect that came into prominence in England during the Commonwealth and Protectorate)
Религия: "Люди Пятой монархии"Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Fifth Monarchy Men (An extreme Puritan sect that came into prominence in England during the Commonwealth and Protectorate)
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9 protektora|t
m (G protektoratu) 1. Polit. (kontrola) protectorate- rozciągnąć/sprawować protektorat nad jakimś państwem to establish a protectorate over a country2. Polit. (terytorium) protectorate- Protektorat Czech i Moraw the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia- gubernator protektoratu the governor of a protectorate3. książk. (patronat) patronage U- pod czyimś protektoratem under the aegis a. patronage of sb- pod protektoratem Ministerstwa Kultury under the aegis a. auspices of the Ministry of Culture- objąć protektorat nad wystawą to become the patron a. sponsor of an/the exhibitionThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > protektora|t
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10 state
In1) государство2) штат•II1. nположение, состояние2. v1) излагать, заявлять, формулировать2) констатировать, утверждать -
11 государство государств·о
state; (страна) country, nationбыть гражданином / подданным какого-л. государства — to be a subject of a state
не признавать какое-л. государство — to withhold recognition from a state; not to recognize a state
основать / создать государство — to establish / to set up a state
признать какое-л. государство — to extend recognition to a state, to recognize a state
руководить государством — to guide / to run a state
аккредитующее государство — accrediting / sending state
давать право поднимать флаг и эмблему аккредитующего государства — to authorize the flying of the flag and the emblem of the sending state
бенефицирующее государство, государство, предоставляющее помощь — granting state
демократическое государство, основанное на конституции — democratic state based on a Constitution
зависимое государство — dependent / servile / tributary state / country
заинтересованные государства — interested states, states concerned
замкнутое шельфом государство (не имеющее непосредственного выхода к морскому дну, т. к. этот выход перекрыт шельфом другой страны) — shelf-locked country
литоральное / прибрежное государство — coastal / littoral / riparian state
миролюбивое государство — peace-loving state / nation
названное / указанное государство — state in question
направляющее / посылающее государство — sending state
независимое государство — independent state, independency
нейтральное государство — neutral state, neutral
неядерные государства, государства, не обладающие ядерным оружием — nonnuclear states, (nonnuclear) have-nots
побеждённое государство — vanquished power / state
пограничное государство — circumjacent state, border / bordering state
государство, подписавшееся и присоединившееся (к договору) — signatory and acceding state
"пороговое" государство (способное создать собственное ядерное оружие) — threshold / near nuclear state
правовое государство — law-governed / ruled state, state committed to the rule of law; legal state
принимающее государство — headquarters / host / receiving / admitting state
"прифронтовые" государства — front-line states
противолежащие государства, государства, расположенные друг против друга — opposite states
союзное государство — allied / Union state
федеративное государство — federal state, federative nation
ядерные государства — nuclear powers / states, haves
государство в государстве — imperium in imperio лат.; state within a state
государство, выступающее за сохранение смертной казни — retentionist state
государство, извлекающее / получающее выгоду от договора — state benefiting from a treaty
государства, имеющие материальные богатства — haves
государство, имеющее морскую границу — maritime state
государство, имеющее право быть участником договора — state entitled to become a party to the treaty
государство, которое приобретает территорию — acquiring state
государство, которое уступает территорию — ceding state
государство а, между которыми возник конфликт / спор — states at variance
государство, нарушившее договор — defaulting state
государства, находящиеся в состоянии войны / вооружённого конфликта — the belligerents, belligerent states / powers
государство, находящееся под протекторатом — state under the protectorate, protected state
государство, находящееся под сюзеренитетом — state under the suzerainty
государства, не входящие в данную международную организацию, государства, не являющиеся членами данной международной организации — nonmember states
государство, не имеющее выхода к морю — sea-locked state
государства, не имеющие материальных богатств — have-nots
государство, не имеющее морского берега / морской границы — states with no / having no sea-coast
государство, не сделавшее оговорки — nonreserving state
государства, не участвующие в конфликте — states not parties to a conflict
государство, не являющееся членом (организации, союза и т.п.) — nonmember state
государство, опирающееся (при проведении своей политики) на баланс сил — balancer разг.
государство, осуществляющее опеку — trustee
государство, отменившее смертную казнь — abolitionist state
государство, подписывающее договор / соглашение вместе с другими государствами — co-signatory
государство, подписавшее международное соглашение — signatory state; signatory
государство пребывания — state of residence, headquarters / host / receiving state
государство против Смита юр. — Crown vs Smith англ.
государство, совершившее противоправное действие — offending state
государства с различными социально-политическими системами — states with different social and political systems
руководство государства — leadership / headship of a state
статус государства — stal hood, nationhood
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > государство государств·о
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12 государство, находящееся под протекторатом
1) Law: protected state, ward2) Diplomatic term: state under the protectorateУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > государство, находящееся под протекторатом
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13 Foreign policy
The guiding principle of Portuguese foreign policy since the founding of the monarchy in the 12th century has been the maintenance of Portugal's status first as an independent kingdom and, later, as a sovereign nation-state. For the first 800 years of its existence, Portuguese foreign policy and diplomacy sought to maintain the independence of the Portuguese monarchy, especially in relationship to the larger and more powerful Spanish monarchy. During this period, the Anglo- Portuguese Alliance, which began with a treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the kings of Portugal and England in 1386 (the Treaty of Windsor) and continued with the Methuen Treaty in 1703, sought to use England ( Great Britain after 1707) as a counterweight to its landward neighbor, Spain.As three invasions of Portugal by Napoleon's armies during the first decade of the 19th century proved, however, Spain was not the only threat to Portugal's independence and security. Portugal's ally, Britain, provided a counterweight also to a threatening France on more than one occasion between 1790 and 1830. During the 19th century, Portugal's foreign policy became largely subordinate to that of her oldest ally, Britain, and standard Portuguese histories describe Portugal's situation as that of a "protectorate" of Britain. In two key aspects during this time of international weakness and internal turmoil, Portugal's foreign policy was under great pressure from her ally, world power Britain: responses to European conflicts and to the situation of Portugal's scattered, largely impoverished overseas empire. Portugal's efforts to retain massive, resource-rich Brazil in her empire failed by 1822, when Brazil declared its independence. Britain's policy of favoring greater trade and commerce opportunities in an autonomous Brazil was at odds with Portugal's desperate efforts to hold Brazil.Following the loss of Brazil and a renewed interest in empire in tropical Africa, Portugal sought to regain a more independent initiative in her foreign policy and, especially after 1875, overseas imperial questions dominated foreign policy concerns. From this juncture, through the first Republic (1910-26) and during the Estado Novo, a primary purpose of Portuguese foreign policy was to maintain Portuguese India, Macau, and its colonies in Africa: Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau. Under the direction of the dictator, Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, further efforts were made to reclaim a measure of independence of foreign policy, despite the tradition of British dominance. Salazar recognized the importance of an Atlantic orientation of the country's foreign policy. As Herbert Pell, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal (1937-41), observed in a June 1939 report to the U.S. Department of State, Portugal's leaders understood that Portugal must side with "that nation which dominates the Atlantic."During the 1930s, greater efforts were made in Lisbon in economic, financial, and foreign policy initiatives to assert a greater measure of flexibility in her dependence on ally Britain. German economic interests made inroads in an economy whose infrastructure in transportation, communication, and commerce had long been dominated by British commerce and investors. Portugal's foreign policy during World War II was challenged as both Allied and Axis powers tested the viability of Portugal's official policy of neutrality, qualified by a customary bow to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. Antônio de Oliveira Salazar, who served as minister of foreign affairs, as well as prime minister, during 1936-45, sought to sell his version of neutrality to both sides in the war and to do so in a way that would benefit Portugal's still weak economy and finance. Portugal's status as a neutral was keenly tested in several cases, including Portugal's agreeing to lease military bases to Britain and the United States in the Azores Islands and in the wolfram (tungsten ore) question. Portugal's foreign policy experienced severe pressures from the Allies in both cases, and Salazar made it clear to his British and American counterparts that Portugal sought to claim the right to make independent choices in policy, despite Portugal's military and economic weakness. In tense diplomatic negotiations with the Allies over Portugal's wolfram exports to Germany as of 1944, Salazar grew disheartened and briefly considered resigning over the wolfram question. Foreign policy pressure on this question diminished quickly on 6 June 1944, as Salazar decreed that wolfram mining, sales, and exports to both sides would cease for the remainder of the war. After the United States joined the Allies in the war and pursued an Atlantic strategy, Portugal discovered that her relationship with the dominant ally in the emerging United Nations was changing and that the U.S. would replace Britain as the key Atlantic ally during succeeding decades. Beginning in 1943-44, and continuing to 1949, when Portugal became, with the United States, a founding member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Luso-American relations assumed center stage in her foreign policy.During the Cold War, Portuguese foreign policy was aligned with that of the United States and its allies in Western Europe. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the focus of Portuguese foreign policy shifted away from defending and maintaining the African colonies toward integration with Europe. Since Portugal became a member of the European Economic Community in 1986, and this evolved into the European Union (EU), all Portuguese governments have sought to align Portugal's foreign policy with that of the EU in general and to be more independent of the United States. Since 1986, Portugal's bilateral commercial and diplomatic relations with Britain, France, and Spain have strengthened, especially those with Spain, which are more open and mutually beneficial than at any other time in history.Within the EU, Portugal has sought to play a role in the promotion of democracy and human rights, while maintaining its security ties to NATO. Currently, a Portuguese politician, José Manuel Durão Barroso, is president of the Commission of the EU, and Portugal has held the six-month rotating presidency of the EU three times, in 1992, 2000, and 2007. -
14 protectorado
m.protectorate.* * *1 (territorio) protectorate* * *SM protectorate* * *masculino protectorate* * *= protectorate.Ex. This agency is counting, studying, microfilming French archives concerning the former French protectorate and sending them to Tunis, Tunisia.* * *masculino protectorate* * *= protectorate.Ex: This agency is counting, studying, microfilming French archives concerning the former French protectorate and sending them to Tunis, Tunisia.
* * *protectorate* * *
protectorado sustantivo masculino
protectorate
' protectorado' also found in these entries:
English:
protectorate
* * *protectorado nmprotectorate* * *m protectorate* * *protectorado nm: protectorate -
15 Protektorat
n; -(e)s, -e protectorate; (Schirmherrschaft) patronage; unter dem Protektorat von under the auspices of* * *das Protektoratprotectorate* * *Pro|tek|to|rat [protɛkto'raːt]nt -(e)s, -e(= Schirmherrschaft) patronage; (= Schutzgebiet) protectorate* * *Pro·tek·to·rat<-[e]s, -e>[protɛktoˈra:t]ntunter jds \Protektorat/dem \Protektorat von jdm under sb's patronage [or the patronage [or auspices] of sb]* * *das; Protektorat[e]s, Protektorate1) (geh.): (Schirmherrschaft) patronage2) (Völkerr.): (Schutzherrschaft, Schutzgebiet) protectorate* * *unter dem Protektorat von under the auspices of* * *das; Protektorat[e]s, Protektorate1) (geh.): (Schirmherrschaft) patronage2) (Völkerr.): (Schutzherrschaft, Schutzgebiet) protectorate -
16 Túnez
m.1 Tunisia, Tunisian Republic.2 Tunis, capital of Tunisia.* * *1 (ciudad) Tunis2 (país) Tunisia* * *SM (=país) Tunisia; (=ciudad) Tunis* * ** * *= Tunis, Tunisia.Nota: País.Ex. This agency is counting, studying, microfilming French archives concerning the former French protectorate and sending them to Tunis, Tunisia.Ex. This agency is counting, studying, microfilming French archives concerning the former French protectorate and sending them to Tunis, Tunisia.* * ** * *= Tunis, Tunisia.Nota: País.Ex: This agency is counting, studying, microfilming French archives concerning the former French protectorate and sending them to Tunis, Tunisia.
Ex: This agency is counting, studying, microfilming French archives concerning the former French protectorate and sending them to Tunis, Tunisia.* * ** * *
Túnez m Geog
1 (ciudad) Tunis
2 (país) Tunisia
' Túnez' also found in these entries:
English:
Tunisia
* * *Túnez n1. [capital] Tunis2. [país] Tunisia* * * -
17 Schutzgebiet
n1. POL. protectorate2. Naturschutzgebiet* * *das Schutzgebietdependency* * *Schụtz|ge|bietnt (POL)protectorate* * *(an area of land in which the killing of wild animals etc is forbidden: a bird sanctuary.) sanctuary* * *Schutz·ge·bietnt2. (Naturschutzgebiet) [nature] reserve* * *1. POL protectorate* * *n.protectorate n. -
18 East Timor
Colony of Portugal from the 16th century to December 1975, with an area of 40,000 square kilometers (18,989 square miles). East Timor is located on the eastern portion of the island of Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. From 1975 to August 1999, when it was forcibly annexed and occupied by Indonesia, until May 2002, when it achieved full independence, East Timor was, in effect, a ward of the United Nations.In the 16th century, the Portuguese established trading posts on the island, but for centuries few Portuguese settled there, and the "colony" remained isolated and neglected. After the Dutch won control of Indonesia, there was a territorial dispute with Portugal as to who "owned" what on the island of Timor. In 1859, this question was decided as the Dutch and Portuguese governments formally divided the island into a Dutch portion (west) and the Portuguese colony (east) and established the frontier. From the late 19th century to World War I, Portugal consolidated its control of East Timor by means of military campaigns against the Timorese tribes. In addition to colonial officials, a few Portuguese missionaries and merchants occupied East Timor, but few Portuguese ever settled there.East Timor's geographic location close to the north coast of Australia and its sharing of one island in the Dutch colony catapulted it into world affairs early in World War II. To forestall a Japanese invasion of Timor, a joint Dutch-Australian expedition landed on 17 December 1941; the Portuguese authorities neither resisted nor cooperated. In February 1942, when Japanese troops landed in Timor, the small allied force fled to the hills and later was evacuated to Australia. Japan occupied all of Timor and the remainder of the Dutch East Indies until Japan's surrender in September 1945. Portugal soon reassumed control.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, East Timorese nationalist parties hoped for rapid decolonization and independence with Lisbon's cooperation. But on 28 November 1975, before a preoccupied Portugal could work out a formal transfer of power, the Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor (FRETILIN), then in control of the former colony's capital, declared independence, and, on 7 December 1975, Indonesian armed forces swiftly invaded, occupied, and annexed East Timor. In the following years, a tragic loss of life occurred. Portugal refused to recognize Indonesia's sovereignty over East Timor and claimed legal sovereignty before the United Nations.As Indonesia persistently and brutally suppressed Timorese nationalist resistance, world media attention focused on this still remote island. Several sensational international and Indonesian events altered the status of occupied East Timor, following the continuation of FRETILIN guerrilla resistance. In November 1991, world media disseminated information on the Indonesian forces' slaughter of East Timorese protesters at a cemetery demonstration in the capital of Dili. In 1996, two East Timorese, Bishop Belo and José Ramos Horta, each a symbol of East Timorese resistance and the desire for independence, shared the Nobel Peace Prize. Then, in 1998, in Indonesia, the Suharto regime collapsed and was replaced by a more democratic government, which in January 1999 pledged a free referendum in East Timor. On 30 August 1999, the referendum was held, and nearly 80 percent of the East Timorese voters voted for independence from Indonesia.However, Indonesian armed forces and militias reacted brutally, using intimidation, murder, mayhem, and razing of buildings to try to reverse the people's will. Following some weeks of confusion, a United Nations (UN) armed forces, led by Australia, took control of East Timor and declared it a UN protectorate, to last until East Timor was secure from Indonesian aggression and prepared for full independence. East Timor had changed from a Portuguese colony to an Indonesian protectorate/colony to a fledgling nation-in-the-making.The status of East Timor as a ward of the UN was made official on 25 October 1999, as the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor began to prepare the country for independence. Appalling conditions prevailed: 70 percent of the country's buildings had been destroyed and nearly half of the population of 800,000 had been driven out of East Timor into uneasy refuge in West Timor, under Indonesian control. A territory without an economy, East Timor lacked police, civil servants, schools, and government records.With UN assistance, general elections were held in the spring of 2002; the majority of parliamentary seats were won by FRETILIN, and José "Xanana" Gusmão was elected the first president. On 20 May 2002, East Timor became independent. World luminaries adorned the independence celebrations: UN secretary-general Kofi Annan, former U.S. president Bill Clinton, and other celebrities attended. But East Timor's travails continued with civil strife and uncertainty. -
19 Schirmherrschaft
f patronage; unter der Schirmherrschaft von under the patronage ( oder auspices) of; die Schirmherrschaft übernehmen (agree to) become patron* * *die Schirmherrschaftauspice; patronage; protectorate; sponsorship* * *Schịrm|herr|schaftfpatronageunter der Schirmherrschaft von — under the patronage of; (von Organisation) under the auspices of
* * *(the support given by a patron.) patronage* * *Schirm·herr·schaftf patronageunter der \Schirmherrschaft von jdm/etw under the patronage of sb/sth* * *die patronage* * *Schirmherrschaft f patronage;unter der Schirmherrschaft von under the patronage ( oder auspices) of;die Schirmherrschaft übernehmen (agree to) become patron* * *die patronage* * *f.auspices n.protectorate n.sponsorship n. -
20 nchi
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi[Swahili Plural] nchi[English Word] country[English Plural] countries[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Swahili Example] nchi za Afrika[English Example] the countries of Africa------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi[Swahili Plural] nchi[English Word] nation[English Plural] nations[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi lindwa[Swahili Plural] nchi lindwa[English Word] protectorate[English Plural] protectorates[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Related Words] -lindwa[Swahili Definition] dola lililokabidhi sehemu za mamlaka yake mkononi mwa nchi kubwa na yenye nguvu[English Definition] a country or territory that has parts of its sovereignty controlled by a larger or more powerful country[Swahili Example] Pwetoriko ilikuwa nchi lindwa ya Marekani[English Example] Puerto Rico was a protectorate of the US------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi kubwa[Swahili Plural] nchi kubwa[English Word] great power[English Plural] great powers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[English Definition] a nation or state that, through its great economic, political, military and diplomatic strength, is able to exert power in the world [wikipedia]------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi yetu[English Word] our homeland[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pata nchi[English Word] arrive in a country[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -pata nchi[English Word] reach a country[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi[English Word] land[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi[English Word] earth[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi kavu[English Word] dry land[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi sawa[English Word] level country[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi[Swahili Plural] nchi[English Word] district[English Plural] districts[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] nchi[Swahili Plural] nchi[English Word] region[English Plural] regions[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------
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См. также в других словарях:
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